Diamond Optics
General characteristics of diamond
Diamond
has some of the most extreme physical properties of any material and is
the best semiconductor material ever known. Such properties as its
radiation and corrosion resistance, large bandgap, high electron and
hole mobility make it an attractive semiconductor for ionizing radiation
detectors. Diamond is chemically inert and has highest thermal
conductivity (5 times higher than copper). Diamond has the highest
radiation-damage level among radiation-detector semiconductor materials.
Low carbon nucleus charge, Z=6, provides tissue equivalence of diamond
detectors. Type IIa diamond is transparent over an extremely wide
spectral range.
Applications
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Windows: |
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Detectors: |
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UV
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X-ray
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Gamma
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Neutron
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Particle Accelerators
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Non Optical:
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Cleavers
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Surgical blades
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Anvils
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Diamond Classification
Diamonds are classified depending on the amount of
nitrogen contained within material and whether it is held as an
interstitial or substitutional defect.
|
type Ia |
Nitrogen present up to levels of 4000¸
4500 ppm (0.3 wt %), incorporated in interstitial sites or
aggregates. |
|
type Ib |
500 ppm of nitrogen (0.06 wt %). Incorporated as
substitutional point defects. Most of synthetic diamonds are of
this type. |
|
type IIa |
Effectively free of nitrogen impurity. Very rare
in nature, these diamonds have enhanced optical and thermal
properties. |
|
type IIb |
Extremely rare in nature; p-type semiconductor
due to boron defects. |
UralAlmazInvest (UAI) is focused on development and
small-batch production of components and devices based on
IIa-type natural (ND) high-quality diamonds.
UAI offers high-technological diamond-based industrial
and scientific products, including plates and windows with wide spectrum
of parameters, as well as advanced optical and electronic
diamond devices
for the following applications:
- Certified diamond substrates and plates for industrial and
science applications with unique thermo, mechanical, optical,
electric and radiation resistance parameters;
- Wide choice of certified diamond windows and optical plates with
wavelength range from 0.2 up to 100 microns;
- Heat-spreaders and heat-conducting substrates with thermal
conductivity up to 22W/cm x°C for high-power microwave devices and
laser diodes, MCM for integrated circuits, etc.
Properties
(click here for detailed properties
pdf)
|
Lattice constant (Е) |
3.567 |
|
Density (g/cm3) |
3.52 |
|
Thermal conductivity (W/cm·K) |
20 ¸ 25 |
|
Dielectric constant |
5.68 |
|
Emission wavelength, µm |
0.23 |
|
Refractive index |
2.41 |
|
Bandgap (eV) |
5.47 |
|
Mobility (cm2/V·s) |
|
|
Electrons |
2500 |
|
Holes |
2100 |
|
Saturation velocity (107 cm/s) |
2.7 |
|
Breakdown field (107 V/cm) |
2 |
|
Radiation resistance |
very stable |
|
Heat resistance (°C) |
>1000 |
|
Hardness (Knoop), (GPa) |
80 |
|
Energy to create e/h pair, (eV) |
13.6 |
Diamond Optical Components
UAI offers double or single-side polished,
plane-parallel discs made of specially selected IIa-type diamonds.
Substrates and plates with different dimensions and shapes, with fully
documented parameters, including geometric, electrophysical and optical
values, with or without specific crystallographic orientation, and also
in metal-mounted modules or with metal deposited composition or single
layer.
Typical Parameters and Options
|
Morphological and geometric data |
|
Deviation from flatness (for working surface) |
not less than λ/5 for small size windows
(depends on window size) |
|
Surface roughness |
less than 40 nm
(profile-trace data is optional) |
|
Deviation from a parallelism of base surfaces |
less than 5 arc degree
(digital measurements
data are possible by request) |
|
Configuration of edges |
laser-cut, mechanically cut or not configured
(by order - with natural shaped edges) |
|
Typical tolerances |
|
Sizes in a plane of a surface |
± 0.10 mm |
|
Thickness |
|
|
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0.25 mm and more |
± 0.05 mm |
|
|
150 ¸ 200 µm |
± 0.025 mm |
|
|
super-thin (< 100 µm) |
by request |
|
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ultra-thin (< 50 µm) |
by request |
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Crystallographic orientation |
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[100] or [110] or [111] |
± 3° |
|
Optional characteristics (by request):
electro-physical-, optical- and thermo- parameters |
|
IR-transmission spectra |
in 0.25 ¸ 6.0 µm
range
(optional as digital measurements data) |
|
Electrical resistance |
Between top and bottom
(optional as digital
measurements data) |
|
Cathodoluminescence data |
CL-spectra &/or topogram CL-image
(optional as
digital measurements data) |
|
Thermal conductivity |
integrated value
(optional as digital
measurements data) |
|
UV-edge absorption data |
in 0.19 ¸ 0.35 µm
range
(optional as digital measurements data) |
|
UV-induced luminescence data |
optional as digital measurements data |
UAI uses precise technological and analytical
equipment to control over the whole technological cycle.
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